Author Topic: Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: A synergistic combination for COVID-19?  (Read 907 times)

admin

  • Administrator
  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3081
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283237/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7146719/

"Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: A synergistic combination for COVID-19 chemoprophylaxis and treatment?
Angela Patrì, MD∗ and Gabriella Fabbrocini, MD

To the Editor: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread all over the world. While awaiting a vaccine, we need effective drugs to treat or, even better, prevent coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Two drugs classically used by dermatologists are being examined in the fight against COVID-19: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and, very recently, ivermectin. We hypothesize that HCQ and ivermectin may show a consequential and synergistic action if administered simultaneously both for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.

HCQ is an antimalarial drug, an analog of chloroquine (CQ), considered as an immunomodulator rather than immunosuppressant.1 HCQ and CQ inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with HCQ found to be more potent than chloroquine (CQ).2 HCQ has shown antiviral effects at both preinfection and postinfection stages.1 Indeed, HCQ could interfere with the glycosylation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thereby reducing the binding efficiency between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on host cells and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Moreover, HCQ could be able to block virus fusion with the host cell through the inhibition of protease activity in cleaving coronavirus surface spike proteins.1

Significantly, HCQ contributes to the suppression of the “cytokine storm” responsible for the disease progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome by several mechanisms, including the reduction of T-cell activation and differentiation as well as decreased production of cytokines by T cells and B cells. Several studies in vivo are underway to assess HCQ effectiveness on SARS-CoV-2 infection, with promising preliminary results.

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug, classically prescribed at our dermatologic clinic as first-line treatment for cutaneous larva migrans. Interestingly, it also displayed an antiviral activity. Indeed, ivermectin acts as a specific inhibitor of importin-α/β–mediated nuclear import. Thus, by impacting on importin-α/β–dependent nuclear transport of viral proteins, ivermectin suppresses the replication of several RNA viruses, including HIV, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus.3

Very recently, Caly et al4 demonstrated antiviral action of ivermectin against the SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate in vitro, with a single dose of the drug able to control viral replication within 24 to 48 hours. The authors hypothesized that such results were likely due to the inhibition of importin-α/β1–mediated nuclear import of viral proteins, as shown for other RNA viruses.4 However, no study with ivermectin in vivo has been conducted.

Based on all such evidence, we hypothesize that HCQ and ivermectin could act in a consequential and synergistic manner. Indeed, HCQ would behave as a first-level barrier by inhibiting the entry of the virus into the host cell, while ivermectin could reduce viral replication if the virus did get in, strengthening HCQ antiviral effects. HCQ is cheap to produce and safe if monitored properly. Ivermectin seems to be safe and well tolerated, with no serious drug-related adverse events.5 Moreover, the 2 drugs do not seem to have a between-drug interaction. However, no in vitro or in vivo studies have been conducted on the combined effect of HCQ and ivermectin on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ours is only a hypothesis and a suggestion, but if not now, when should researchers share ideas?"
« Last Edit: December 03, 2020, 09:53:26 AM by admin »
Over a million Americans have died completely unnecessary, horrific, deaths from COVID-19. Do you have a plan in place to help your family dodge the average $73,300 COVID hospital bill, through prevention and a $20 EARLY treatment protocol? https://www.covidtreatmentoptions.com/

admin

  • Administrator
  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3081
Re: Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: A synergistic combination for COVID-19?
« Reply #1 on: December 03, 2020, 11:49:18 AM »
https://trialsitenews.com/ivermectin-could-turn-covid-19-around-we-need-to-find-out-if-it-works/

"Nothing To Offer The Infected   

With no approved early treatment, symptomatic patients are told to hydrate, take palliatives and quarantine. That works mostly for young, healthy bodies that spend lots of time in the sun. But a week into the infection, too many other patients show up in Dr. Charles Thompson’s emergency room in Columbia, S.C. These include patients with low Vitamin D levels – even young ones — or pre-existing conditions like diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease. “They are clutching at their chest, gasping for breath and begging you to save them,” Thompson, a pulmonologist, told me. “I’m sick of watching people die this way. It’s a travesty.”

Why? Because it’s unnecessary. Since late February, Thompson has treated perhaps a thousand outpatients with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, zinc and supplements, to which, in May, he added ivermectin. Just one of his patients has been hospitalized — for COVID-related diarrhea. A voracious reader of the medical literature, Thompson is in awe of the “elegant” way that ivermectin functions, working, he and others have learned, both in early and later COVID stages.

While the virus is multiplying in early infection, ivermectin is believed to inhibit a key receptor that opens the door for viral proteins to enter the nucleus of cells and replicate. Later on, the drug may inhibit the virus from adhering to CD147 receptors on red blood cells and forming clumps, the process that can lead to dangerous clots and stroke. Thompson is among a dozen practitioners I have spoken with who believe that hydroxychloroquine has been maligned and miscast – it is effective and safe, they hold. Many see ivermectin as an unheralded up-and-comer. Yandy Palenzuela-Rodriguez, 31, is a physician assistant in internal medicine who worked with Dr. Rajter at Broward Health Medical Center in Fort Lauderdale, Fl., when COVID emerged.

“Early on, we saw less of his patients went to ICU and RCU” — intensive and respiratory care units, he said. “More of his patients went home quicker.” As with too many front-line health workers, Palenzuela-Rodriguez, 31, got COVID in July. That’s when his pulse oxygen level plummeted, and he interrupted Rajter’s dinner with a call for help. He took ivermectin and experienced what his own patients had. “The big kick I felt in terms of improvement was after the ivermectin,” he said. 

Works In Late Disease   

Significantly, Rajter and Palenzuela-Rodriguez were seeing ivermectin work in hospitalized patients already ravaged by the virus. Imagine the suffering and money that could be saved if such a drug was used early, as it was for a woman in Chicago who awoke on day 4 of COVID symptoms feeling “like there was an elephant on my chest.” The inhaler and anticoagulant from an ER visit weren’t helping, she told me, and she struggled to breathe. She started ivermectin.

“Literally eight hours later, by that night, I was breathing normal. I’m not exaggerating,”
said the woman, who works in pharmaceuticals and asked that her name not be used. “It was a life-saving treatment for me.” “You can avoid the entire cascade of inflammatory changes,” Rajter told me. “They don’t even get admitted to the hospital.” Some, but not enough, U.S. doctors are quietly using ivermectin for COVID, often combining it with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and zinc. “When someone’s sick, there’s more likely a synergy between these agents,” said Dr. Steven Phillips of Wilton, Ct. Some patients got better on antibiotics alone, Phillips said, while others told him ivermectin was a “game changer.”   

“Obviously, more studies need to be done,” said Dr. Richard Horowitz of Hyde Park, N.Y., who has treated about 30 COVID patients. “But patients are responding well to the drug in my practice, and it has been safe and well tolerated.” Pre-COVID, Lyme disease specialists like Phillips and Horowitz knew both ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine for their roles in treating the effects of tick-borne illness. But few doctors in the U.S. have such experience or willingness to treat. Which is why a report on NPR’s WHYY on the excitement about ivermectin was headlined: “So why hasn’t anyone heard of it?”

Ivermectin’s Downside: It’s Cheap 

“Its major ‘disadvantage’ is its low cost and general availability,” Dr. Jose Natalio Redondo, a hospital executive in the Dominican Republic, told me. “There is no major revenue for those large pharmaceutical industries to invest in new research and production of this drug.” Poorer countries, without the resources or self-importance of the U.S., are trying the drug, with success reported, for example, in Iraq, where a small study found “significantly lower” length of hospital stay in ivermectin patients. In Brazil, some municipalities have distributed “COVID kits” with hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, and the minister of health has authorized its use. Patients are also taking the drug in Peru, Bolivia and India, where the state of Uttar Pradash has sanctioned use for treatment and prevention.

Its profit picture aside, ivermectin’s similarities to hydroxychloroquine, as safe old drugs with antiviral potential, are also working against it. After President Trump endorsed HCQ for COVID, the drug was caught up in a political, media-fueled firestorm that hammered away at findings of failure and ignored promising reports. Although many studies were riddled with flaws – using the drug too late, as in a Veterans Affairs study, and drawing on unverifiable data that forced a Lancet retraction – its image of failure lingers.

This may explain why the Rajters’ observational study, written with four colleagues, was rejected by two journals. A third journal put it through three peer reviews, all of them positive, but then sought a fourth reviewer, who asked for changes. It has been resubmitted. Dr. Peter Hibberd, an emergency room physician in Florida, said: “The bottom line is patients were getting phenomenal results yet no one would accept his publication.”"
« Last Edit: December 04, 2020, 06:13:44 AM by admin »
Over a million Americans have died completely unnecessary, horrific, deaths from COVID-19. Do you have a plan in place to help your family dodge the average $73,300 COVID hospital bill, through prevention and a $20 EARLY treatment protocol? https://www.covidtreatmentoptions.com/